فصلنامه آفاق امنیت
پیاپی 53 (زمستان 1400)

The media as a tool for Crisis building and de-crisis, enlightenment, creating a space for a healthy and constructive approach to views and appropriate information, is one of the most important factors of progress and a sign of dynamism and mobility of society in today's world. In today 's world, the media forms a large part of the nature of public opinion, and this trend is increasing. Our main question in this research is the cultural, social and political role of the media of the Resistance Front in managing the public opinion of the Syrian crisis. The method used in this research is descriptive and analytical. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through formal method and content validity and the validity of the items was checked and confirmed through Cronbach's alpha (0.990). The statistical population of this study includes managers and experts related to the field of resistance media and the study sample that was purposefully selected included 43 managers and experts related to the field of media in Syria who also had sufficient information about this research and They have also been willing to cooperate. The research findings indicate that the cultural impact of the media, including mentality, culture, social impact, including hope, unity and political impact, including crisis resolution and enlightenment, have an effective role in managing public opinion.

In the last half century, Lebanon has been one of the focal points of the West Asian crisis of the last half century for reasons such as the outbreak of the Civil War (1989-1975), the Israeli invasion and occupation of Lebanese territory (1982-2000), and the increasing involvement of foreign powers. This has had many consequences, including state instability and increased activism of People-Centered   Defense and Security Forces. The formation of Lebanon's Hezbollah in the light of such developments is understandable and is seen as a response to the security crises in the country.in addition, Lebanon's geographical proximity to some of the Middle East crisis hotspots provided an area for Hezbollah to maneuver and act regionally. These events have turned Lebanon's Hezbollah into a full-fledged political and regional actor over the past two decades. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the nature of Lebanon's Hezbollah. To this end, this article uses the concept of Hybrid Actors to answer the question of what was the role of Lebanon's Hezbollah as a People-Centered   Defense and Security actor in the West Asian region? The research findings show that Hezbollah has played an important role in the developments in West Asia by performing quasi-states (security, social services, participation in the political structure) and Non-State (participation in the Syrian war and Organizing resistance-axis Arab groups). It is necessary to mention that this research has been done by analytical-descriptive method.

The increasing militarism of the Zionist regime and its security measures over the past few decades in order to counter the threat posed by the security complex formed under the name of the Axis of Resistance, has led to increased vulnerability and numerous gaps due to lack of attention to other aspects of security in this regime. This research is of practical importance due to the impact of the Axis of Resistance on the vulnerability of the Zionist regime. The present research seeks to answer the fundamental question of what effect do Axis of Resistance-based threats have on the vulnerabilities of the Zionist regime? This study shows that the military and political threats of the Axis of Resistance have led to the impact on critical infrastructure, increasing insecurity, creating socio-political gaps, damaging deterrence and intensifying the crisis of legitimacy as the most important vulnerabilities in the Zionist regime. The approach of researchers in this article is descriptive-analytical and documentary and field methods have been used to collect data. For data analysis, a model based on combination of the two theories of the Copenhagen school and the Deegan-Krause's theory of social gap has been used as the basis theory of the analysis.

The purpose of this study is to explain the components of smart power in the foreign policy strategy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. smart power is based on the combined use of the hard components (strengthening military and economic power) and the soft (strengthening public diplomacy and cyber power) power, which indicates the adoption of a smart strategy in the implementation of foreign policy. The present study tries to answer the question of what are the components of smart power in the foreign policy strategy of the Islamic Republic of Iran following the new regional threats by using descriptive-analytical method and by collecting data by library method? Studies show that the Islamic Republic of Iran has used the integrated model of smart power due to the new regional conditions and threats. Iran has adopted a "maximum resistance" strategy to counter regional threats. The strategy is based on the axis of resistance and deterrence, and its main pillars are the use of local allied forces in Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Yemen, and the increase of air and naval deterrence capabilities. Implementing an intelligent strategy in Iran's foreign policy, given the new conditions and requirements (limitations, facilities and capacities) and the existing threats and opportunities, has been able to create a balance, harmony and adaptation between national interests and values.

The purpose of this study is to explain the components of smart power in the foreign policy strategy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. smart power is based on the combined use of the hard components (strengthening military and economic power) and the soft (strengthening public diplomacy and cyber power) power, which indicates the adoption of a smart strategy in the implementation of foreign policy. The present study tries to answer the question of what are the components of smart power in the foreign policy strategy of the Islamic Republic of Iran following the new regional threats by using descriptive-analytical method and by collecting data by library method? Studies show that the Islamic Republic of Iran has used the integrated model of smart power due to the new regional conditions and threats. Iran has adopted a "maximum resistance" strategy to counter regional threats. The strategy is based on the axis of resistance and deterrence, and its main pillars are the use of local allied forces in Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Yemen, and the increase of air and naval deterrence capabilities. Implementing an intelligent strategy in Iran's foreign policy, given the new conditions and requirements (limitations, facilities and capacities) and the existing threats and opportunities, has been able to create a balance, harmony and adaptation between national interests and values.

Iran and Saudi Arabia, due to their ideological and geopolitical coordinates, have always been two important and influential countries in the region. In this process, the relations between the two countries have become a complex and challenging issue due to the security conflict and their role in regional developments. Due to the symmetry of spheres of influence and ideological friction, as well as geopolitical affiliations based on the acquisition of power and the consolidation of hegemony, they have always created a continuous level of tension. Iran and Saudi Arabia have kept the horizon of relations in a sinusoidal state, despite many areas of convergence, and as a result of a threatening understanding of the other. Assuming the tense relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia, this study deals with how to manage the conflict, which mainly focuses on reducing tensions. The question of this research is how can the existing conflict be managed or resolved? In terms of research type, this research is descriptive-explanatory, in terms of methodology based on data type, quality and method of data is a library, and the method of data analysis is content analysis. The results show that the conflict between them is due to the wide range of ideological and geopolitical approaches in the region. Conducting bilateral strategic cases based on normative realities and Islamic commonalities provides the basis for convergence in the macro perspective.

The Red Sea and its environs, which includes several countries in the Horn of Africa, are lately receiving increased global attention and many regional and global powers are seeking to expand and extension their presence and influence in this strategic place. Powerful states in the Middle East have also begun to compete for power in the Red Sea over the past few years. Along with historical competitions in the Persian Gulf and the Middle East, today the Red Sea has become the third important center of competition. Meanwhile, Saudi Arabia hastened to establish new regional arrangements in the Red Sea, which revealed the irreplaceable role and importance of the Red Sea in regional and trans-regional equations. The main purpose of this study is to analyze and identify the roots of Strategic policies of Saudi Arabia in the Red Sea and its impact on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The main question of the article is? What are Saudi Arabia's strategic priorities in the Red Sea? What is the impact of implementing these strategies on Iran's national security ? The balance of threats such as the Iran-Ansarollah and the Turkish axis - Qatar is the strategic priorities of Saudi Arabia for the Red Sea, in which the success of such policies can be associated with consequences such as reducing security and national authority and geopolitical constriction for Iran.

During the last decades, the country has faced unrest and the system has managed them with continuous and multilateral efforts. Unfortunately, these activities in the form of security governance have been neglected and have not been identified and counted, which is the subject of this study. The purpose of this article is to identify the activities carried out in the form of security governance to deal with unrest in the I.R. of Iran. In this article, the author has tried to identify and count the total activities carried out to deal with the unrest during the last 40 years, by using the available documents and resources, in addition to reviewing the statements of the Supreme Leader and conducting interviews with 25 related experts. Therefore, the research method was descriptive, the type of research was applied and the method of data collection was library and field with interview tools (in-depth and semi-structured interviews). The author has analyzed the collected information using the content analysis method and MAXQDA software The findings of this study show that a lack of attention to the structures and policies of coordination within and between the regulatory organizations, has led to a lack of synergy and reduced productivity. Another finding of this article is that except for some organizational activities such as the establishment of committees, the IRGC and the Basij in the period 1978-1989, in other periods, "approach" activities have been more in line with the "doctrine of democratization of security."

Prosecution and prosecution of criminal acts always occur when these acts are discovered, on the other hand, the criminal case is sent from the court to the prosecutor's office when the evidence of conviction is sufficient to issue a conviction. Many stages of discovery of evidence and preliminary investigations are obtained during police operations. This operation can also include site inspections, which were discussed in this article and discussed in a descriptive-analytical manner; Covert surveillance of places was audiovisual. This type of monitoring is called eavesdropping in legal terms. It was observed that the Constitution and the Code of Criminal Procedure prohibit illegal entry into places and make its inspection and inspection conditional on the presence of individuals. However, this type of monitoring has been approved by the legislature in two ways. One is the case related to the internal and external security of the country and the other is the case related to the detection of crimes subject to paragraphs A,B,C and T of Article 302 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. However, it is important to note that the legal issue raised in Article150 of the Code of Judicial Procedure is telecommunications control, and the issue of the present study mostly involves spatial monitoring, which is in fact a kind of inspection and is controlled by Article137. Therefore, in order to prevent any exercise of taste in the field of privacy violations; Exclusive cases where audio and visual monitoring is possible; be explicitly mentioned in future laws.